Incisional Hernia

An incisional hernia is a type of hernia that develops at the site of a previous surgical incision in the abdominal wall. It occurs when tissues or intestines push through weakened muscles that did not fully heal after surgery.

While not always immediately serious, incisional hernias can grow larger over time and cause discomfort, pain, or even bowel obstruction. This page explains what incisional hernias are, why they develop, common symptoms, and the most effective treatment options.

What Is an Incisional Hernia?

Incisional hernias appear when an abdominal surgical incision fails to close or heal properly. As a result, weakened abdominal muscles allow nearby tissues or intestines to bulge outward.

• Most incisional hernias occur within six months of surgery, during the healing window.
• Strain from lifting, exercising, or gaining weight too soon after surgery increases the risk.
• Pregnancy before full healing can also cause an incisional hernia to develop.

Compare with Umbilical Hernias

Causes and Risk Factors

Factors that increase your risk of developing an incisional hernia include:

• Pregnancy soon after abdominal surgery
• Heavy lifting or strenuous activity before complete healing
• Significant weight gain after surgery
• Chronic coughing or straining
• General conditions that weaken connective tissue

Because the abdominal wall is already vulnerable after surgery, extra pressure makes hernia formation more likely.

Symptoms of an Incisional Hernia

The most common symptom is a lump or bulge near the surgical scar, which may be more visible when standing and disappear when lying down.

Other symptoms include:

• Pain, burning, or aching near the incision site
• Constipation or difficulty passing stool
• Nausea or vomiting
• A “gurgling” sensation in the abdomen
• Fever (if infection or strangulation occurs)

Signs of a Strangulated Hernia

How Incisional Hernias Are Diagnosed

Diagnosis usually begins with a physical exam and a review of your medical history. Your doctor may ask you to cough or strain while they check for a bulge near your surgical scar.

If needed, imaging tests may be ordered:

• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to view tissues and detect protrusions.
• CT Scan: Produces detailed images of the abdomen to measure hernia size.
• MRI: Helps evaluate soft tissues and complex hernia cases.

Treatment Options for Incisional Hernias

While small hernias may be monitored, surgery is the only definitive treatment for incisional hernias.

1. Open Repair Surgery

• A single incision is made at the hernia site.
• The bulging tissue is pushed back inside.
• Mesh and stitches reinforce the abdominal wall.
• Recovery time is about 3–6 weeks.

2. Laparoscopic Repair

• Several small incisions are made.
• A laparoscope (tiny camera) guides the surgeon.
• Mesh is inserted to strengthen the abdominal wall.
• Benefits: smaller scars, less pain, and faster recovery.

3. Robotic Hernia Repair

• Similar to laparoscopy but with robotic assistance.
• Provides surgeons greater precision and improved visualization.
• Often recommended for complex or recurrent hernias.

Recovery and Prevention

Recovery depends on the surgical method and your overall health. Most patients return to normal activities within 2–6 weeks.

To lower the risk of recurrence:

• Follow your surgeon’s post-op instructions closely.
• Avoid heavy lifting until cleared by your doctor.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Treat underlying conditions (like chronic cough or constipation) that increase abdominal pressure.

Expert Care at Hernia Innovations

Incisional hernias can be frustrating and sometimes recurring, but with the right surgical approach, outcomes are excellent. At Hernia Innovations, our surgeons specialize in laparoscopic and robotic hernia repairs, helping patients recover faster with fewer complications.

Call us today at (925) 940-1025 or request a consultation online.